Category: Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

KENAPAKAH ADAM LAYAK MENJADI KHALIFAH ALLAH DI MUKA BUMI ?

July 10, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Agama itu perkara hati. Hati tertarik kepada kelembutan. Dan sebaik-baik kelembutan itu ia lah hati yang menterjemahkan sifat Allah s.w.t yang Maha Pengaseh lagi Maha Penyayang di dalam kehidupan sebagaimana Allah mengampunkan Adam alaihissalam.

2. Bukankah Adam alaihissalam layak di turunkan ke Bumi sebagai Khalifah hanya setelah Adam mengetahui bahawa Allah itu Maha Pengaseh lagi Maha Penyayang sehingga sanggup mengampunkan beliau ? Kisah ini di ceritakan di dalam Al-Qur’an melalui surah Al-Baqoroh ayat 37 berserta surah Al-A’raf ayat 23 dan 24.

3. Demikianlah Allah s.w.t menjadikan manusia bukan sahaja untuk menyembah Nya tetapi juga untuk memuliakan Nya di muka bumi sebagai Khalifah Allah yang mendaulat dan mencontohi sifat-sifat Allah yang Maha Pengaseh lagi Maha Penyayang.

4. Sebab itu lah perjalanan hidup Nabi Muhammad s.a.w sehingga wafatnya baginda meriwayatkan sejarah hidup seorang Rosullulloh yang sentiasa mencerminkan sifat-sifat Maha Pengaseh dan Maha Penyayang nya Allah s.w.t. Terbukti sehingga ke hari ini ramai yang tertarik dengan Islam kerana tertarik dengan akhlak pengaseh dan penyayang nya baginda. Ini lah di antara maksud ayat-ayat 128 dan 129 surah At-Taubah termasuk perintah Allah di dalam surah Al-Imran ayat 31 dan 32.

5. Sebab itu lah juga ayat pertama di dalam surah pertama kitab suci Al-Qur’an ia itu surah Al-Fatihah atau Pembukaan bermula dengan “Bismillah Hirrohma Nirrohim” yang bermaksud ‘Dengan asma (sifat) Allah yang Maha Pengaseh lagi Maha Penyayang”. Dan asma Allah itu di ulangi lagi di dalam ayat yang ketiga.

6. Ini lah hakikatnya kenapa umat Islam memulakan setiap amalan yang di ridhai oleh Allah dengan Basmallah atau dengan asma Allah yang Maha Pengaseh lagi Maha Penyayang kerana itu lah akhlak Al-Qur’an dan akhlak Nabi Muhammad s.a.w.

7. Itu lah juga sebenar-benarnya akhlak orang-orang yang benar di dalam perhambaan mereka kepada Allah. Sesungguhnya orang-orang Islam itu ia lah orang-orang yang benar di dalam perhambaan mereka kepada Allah. Mereka lah syiar Islam yang benar-benar pengaseh dan penyayang di dalam setiap juzuk kehidupan dan ke-Islaman mereka. Mereka lah yang membuktikan Islam itu rahmat seluruh alam dengan menzahirkan Rahmat Allah mendahului kemurkaan Allah.

8. Allah bukan Allah sekiranya Ia tidak bersifat Maha Pengaseh dan Maha Penyayang sehingga tidak ada ruang keampunan pun untuk Adam dan keturunan Adam kecuali dengan membunuh insan yang tidak berdosa di atas kesalahan Adam yang hanya memakan buah larangan. Tuhan yang sedemikian Tuhan yang zalim dan ganas. Agama yang menyembah Tuhan yang sedemikian pula merupakan agama yang melanggar hak asasi manusia dan bukan agama rahmat seluruh alam. Wajar kah agama yang mengutamakan kemurkaan Tuhan mendahului Rahmat Tuhan di anuti sebagai agama Cinta Kaseh Tuhan?

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Kedatangan Jesus Di Akhir Zaman Dari Perspektif Kristian

June 17, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Kristian percaya Jesus masih hidup di sebelah Tuhan Bapa dan akan turun kembali ke dunia di akhir zaman.

2. Kedatangan Jesus di akhir zaman bukan untuk di salib sekali lagi tetapi untuk:

– Mengadili semua penganut Kristian yang hidup dan yang mati.
– Menewaskan Anti-Christ di dalam peperangan Armageddon berhampiran Laut Galilee.
– Mengkristiankan saki baki Bani Israel.
– Memerintah “The Millennial Kingdom” selama seribu tahun.

3. Alaf baru yang bermula daripada tahun 2001 di percayai sebagai alaf akhir zaman.

4. Sejak di akhir abad dua puloh lagi gereja-gereja telah bersatu serta berkerjasama meningkatkan misi pengkristianan di seluruh dunia sebagai persediaan menyambut kedatangan Jesus. Amat memalukan jika majoriti keturunan Adam masih belum memeluk agama Kristian sewaktu Jesus datang kelak.

5. Di antara pra-syarat kedatangan Jesus ia lah pembinaan semula Istana Nabi Sulaiman atau Haikal Sulaiman (The Temple of Solomon) yang terletak di Baitul Maqdis di bawah penguasaan Rejim Israel.

6. Rejim Israel pula menganggap Haikal Sulaiman sebagai lambang keagungan Bani Israel dan mempunyai rancangan tersendiri untuk membina nya semula. Rancangan Rejim Israel ini di sambut baik oleh penganut Kristian seperti golongan Christian Rights, Christian Zionists dan Evengelicals di Amerika yang sekian lama menanti kedatangan Jesus. Penganut Kristian yang dulunya memusuhi Bani Israel sebagai pembunuh dan dalang yang menyebabkan Jesus di tangkap dan di salib sehingga mati menebus dosa kini menjadi kawan utama Rejim Israel.

7. Tapak Haikal Sulaiman ini di katakan merangkumi kawasan masjid Al-Aqsa ia itu masjid ketiga yang paling suci di dalam dunia Islam. Di dalam rangka pembinaan semula Haikal Sulaiman masjid ini akan di robohkan oleh Rejim Israel. Namun usaha itu terbantut kerana di tentang oleh seluroh umat Islam.

8. Akibatnya kedatangan Jesus turut tergendala dan umat Islam di lihat oleh segolongan penganut Kristian sebagai penghalang nya. Ini juga di antara sebab mengapa di kalangan masyarakat Kristian ada yang kurang senang dengan umat Islam. Sementara itu cukuplah mereka di temani oleh Ruhul Kudus yang mewakili Jesus di muka bumi.

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HOLY SPIRIT ITU MALAIKAT JIBRIL ALAIHISSALAM?

May 25, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Holy Spirit di sifatkan oleh penganut Kristian sebagai Tuhan dengan sebenar-benarnya. Ia disamakan dengan Tuhan Bapa dan Tuhan Anak di dalam kepercayaan ketiga-esaan Tuhan atau ‘Trinity’. Bukan tiga Tuhan tetapi satu Tuhan walaupun Holy Spirit di kirim oleh Tuhan Anak ia itu Jesus Christ selepas beliau naik ke langit.

2. Di bumi, Holy Spirit merupakan wakil Tuhan Anak dan Tuhan Bapa.

3. Oleh kerana Holy Spirit itu Tuhan, ia juga kekal abadi serta wujud dengan sendirinya sejak azali walaupun dipercayai keluar daripada Tuhan Bapa dan Tuhan Anak.

4. Holy Spirit juga bersifat ruh walaupun ia pernah menghinggap seperti se-ekor burung merpati di bahu Jesus Christ sewaktu beliau dibaptiskan di sungai Jordan. Justeru itu burung merpati sering di jadikan sebagai lambang untuk Holy Spirit.

5. Tugasan utama Holy Spirit ialah menghamilkan perawan Mariam, mengilhamkan manusia supaya menerima Jesus Christ sebagai penyelamat, mendidik dan memperkasa serta mengkuduskan kerohanian penganut Kristian. Semua penganut Kristian dipenuhi dengan Holy Spirit yang bersemadi di dalam diri mereka. Hanya John The Baptist seorang sahaja yang turut dipenuhi dengan Holy Spirit walaupun dia bukan seorang Kristian.

6. Holy Spirit bukan malaikat orang-orang Kristian. Ia mempunyai akal, nafsu, emosi, berkehendak dan bebas membuat pilihan sendiri. Malah menurut Kitab Perjanjian Baru, Holy Spirit telah dihantar oleh Malaikat Gabriel untuk menghamilkan perawan Mariam.

7. Sebaliknya pula Jibril A.S merupakan makhluk Allah yang diciptakan daripada nur sebagai malaikat yang bersayap serta taat sepenuhnya kepada Allah. Malaikat Jibril A.S tidak mempunyai nafsu mahupun kebebasan memilih dan tidak hidup kekal abadi. Di antara tugasan malaikat Jibril A.S termasuklah menyampaikan wahyu, meneguhkan hati dan memberi petunjuk kepada orang-orang yang beriman.

8. Dari aspek tugasan, mungkin beberapa skop kerja Holy Spirit dan malaikat Jibril A.S dilihat seperti ada persamaan. Namun zat, sifat dan latar belakang di antara mereka ternyata amat berlainan dan jauh berbeza. Pendek kata, Holy Spirit dan malaikat Jibril A.S bukan makhluk yang sama.

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MALAIKAT MENURUT KEPERCAYAAN KRISTIAN

May 8, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Penganut Kristian percaya Tuhan menciptakan malaikat sebelum penciptaan manusia. Malaikat-malaikat ini tidak diketahui diciptakan daripada apa. Mereka dilengkapi dengan sayap yang tidak pasti jumlahnya. Mereka juga mempunyai nafsu serta bebas memilih menurut kehendak nafsu mereka.

2. Jumlah malaikat yang di ciptakan oleh Tuhan melebihi ratusan ribu ramainya dengan tugasan tertentu. Diantara ratusan ribuan para malaikat ini terdapat empat malaikat yang terutama atau ‘Archangel’. Mereka terdiri daripada malaikat Gabrael, malaikat Michael, malaikat Raphael dan malaikat Lucifer.

3. Malaikat Gabrael di tugaskan oleh Tuhan sebagai pembawa berita baik sepertimana sewaktu beliau mendatangi perawan Mary dan menyampaikan berita mengenai kelahiran Jesus yang bakal di kandungkan oleh Mary. Malaikat Michael pula di tugaskan untuk mengetuai para tentera malaikat-malaikat Tuhan. Manakala tugas menyembuhkan pesakit dijawat oleh malaikat Raphael.

4. Malaikat Lucifer mempunyai kelebihan daripada kesemua para malaikat. Beliau di ciptakan oleh Tuhan sebagai malaikat yang paling cantik, sempurna dan bijaksana khusus sebagai malaikat yang bertanggungjawab sepenuhnya dengan hal ibadah. Keistimewaan dan kehebatan yang dianugerahkan oleh Tuhan kepada malaikat Lucifer lama-kelamaan meracuni pemikiran Lucifer sehingga beliau menjadi angkuh dan lupa diri. Akhirnya beliau sifatkan diri beliau melebihi Tuhan dan merasa lebih layak di sembah.

5. Malaikat Lucifier merupakkan makhluk pertama menderhaka dan berdosa kepada Tuhan. Beliau bersama malaikat-malaikat di bawah pemerintahan beliau memberontak melawan Tuhan tetapi dikalahkan oleh tentera Malaikat Michael. Akibat daripada kekalahan tersebut Malaikat Lucifer di hodohkan, di gugurkan jawatan dan di usir daripada syurga.

6. Semenjak dibuang dan jatuh ke dalam dosa malaikat Lucifer juga digelar Syaitan yang sentiasa berdendam dan cuba menggugat segala rencana Tuhan. Beliau lah yang menggoda Hawa sehingga Adam melanggar perintah Tuhan. Malaikat Lucifer juga cuba menggoda Jesus Christ supaya menyembah beliau sebagai Tuhan.

7. Makhluk jin pula tidak ada di dalam kepercayaan Kristian. Maka segala kesombongan, godaan, rasukan, kemaksiatan dan kezaliman ada kaitannya dengan Lucifer. Di akhir zaman Lucifer dan bala tenteranya akan berperang untuk kesekian kalinya melawan tentera malaikat Michael untuk menguasai sekelian alam.

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THE HOLY SPIRIT IN CHRISTIANITY

April 27, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Christians believe in the Holy Spirit as one of the divine persons of the Holy Trinity whom they adored, glorified and worshiped along with the Father and the Son of God as their one and only God.

2. The Holy Spirit however is the last of the divine persons of the Holy Trinity to be revealed because the foremost duty of the Holy Spirit is to lead the descendants of Adam to know and believe in the Son of God whom the Father sent specifically to offer everyone the life that originates from the Father.

3. Meaning the Holy Spirit prepares mankind and goes out to them with His grace, in order to resurrect and draw their sinful and deadened spirit towards a new birth with faith in the mystery of the dead and risen Son of God.

4. In this sacred mission the Holy Spirit initially came upon a Jewish virgin named Mary so that the Son of the Holy One consecrated and named by the Christians as Jesus Christ be conceived and delivered into this world.

5. Knowing the Son of God is also knowing the revealed Words of God because the Words of God came down to mankind in the form of the Son of God. For this reason, only those who are lead and inspired by the Holy Spirit to the Words of God can truly understand the Words of God and so know who the Son of God is.

6. The spiritual resurrection and rebirth into the divine life of believers is signified by the action of the Holy Spirit who comes down during their baptism like a dove and always dwell in them as their source of the holiness within them.

7. In other words, the delegation of the divine duties of the Father is as the creator, the Son as the savior and the Holy Spirit as the regenerator.

8. Meanwhile between the two comings of the Son of God, who is in heaven with the Father, is the messianic Age of the Spirit.

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JESUS CHRIST IN CHRISTIANITY

April 17, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. It is believed that around 5 BC Jesus Christ was born in a Roman occupied Bethlehem by a Jewish virgin named Mary. At the time of his birth Mary was engaged to a Jewish carpenter named Joseph. According to The New Testament there were shepherds living out in the fields nearby, keeping watch over their flocks on that glorious night.

2. All his days the entire Jewish community called Jesus Christ by his Jewish name Yeshua Hamashiach. In Hebrew, Yeshua means ‘salvation’. Jesus is the English translation of Yeshua from the Greek equivalent Iesous. While Hamashiach in Hebrew means ‘the anointed one’. That is a person who was set apart to serve the Jewish God, Yahweh. In the Old Testament, God’s mashiachs were annointed with oil. Hamashiach was translated into English as ‘The Messiah’ from the Greek equivalent Cristos or Christ. That was how the name of Yeshua Hamashiach was translated to Jesus The Messiah or Jesus Christ.

3. Nothing much is known about his formative years except that he grew up in Nazareth and spoke in Aramaic Hebrew. However, at the age of thirty after being baptized by John The Baptist, he started preaching to his Jewish community in the Temple of the Jews every single day.

4. Jesus Christ preached about the Kingdom of God, the oneness of God and repentance. He also made public of his mission to fulfill and preserve the teachings of Moses as well as the teachings of the prophets before him. He never proselytizes. He sees himself as a revivalist of the teachings of Moses. He shared many revealed knowledge and quoted frequently from the scriptures of the Jews.

5. Jesus Christ also performed many miracles, wonders and signs. He was blessed by God with the gift of healing and wisdom. He even resurrected the dead.

6. His popularity grew among the Jews to the extent that the Jewish teachers of The Law and their temple elders feared their influence on the Jewish community were at stake. To safeguard their religious standing and importance in the Jewish community these wicked men did every thing to rid off Jesus.

7. Finally after only three years of preaching his gospel, Jesus was detained by the Roman authority. He was sentenced to death by crucifixion on the ground of being a threat to the security of the state as falsely accused by his Jewish enemies.

8. Christians believed that Jesus Christ died crucified for the redemption of sins on Good Friday. They also believed that three days later on Easter Sunday, Jesus Christ was raised from the dead by God. The resurrected Jesus Christ then ascended to heaven in a cloud after forty days with his followers.

9. According to The New Testament Jesus Christ is now standing and sitting at the right hand of God. Christians also believed that Jesus Christ will come again at the end of time for the glory of Israel. Of that day no one knows when. Not even Jesus Christ knows when.

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THE REVELATION OF GOD ACCORDING TO THE TEACHINGS OF CHRISTIANITY

April 6, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Christians believed in God the revealer, and the maker of heaven and earth. They also believed that God wants to make Himself known and glorified. According to Christianity God made known of Himself by way of revelation. They have called God’s words as His special revelation. While His works of creation and providence are known as His general revelation.

2. General revelation surrounds us in nature while displaying God’s glory and power to all men so there will be no excuse to deny His existence. It is sometimes referred to as the unspoken revelation.

3. Special revelation extensively made known God’s will, wisdom and knowledge in spoken and written down. It is sometimes referred to as the spoken revelation. It also revealed much more about God’s character in general revelation and specifically in His intervention in the affairs of man. The most significant element of special revelation being the supernatural aspect of the word of God incarnating as Jesus Christ the messiah. According to the teachings of Christianity special revelation completes the revelation of God to humanity.

4. For these reasons Christians strongly believed that Christianity is a revealed religion from God and that the Bible is Holy because it is the written words of God revealed by way of inspiration to numerous writers over the span of centuries. These very words of God are the foundation and source of the teachings of Christianity. In fact it is the final authority in matters of faith especially to the non-Catholic denominations.

5. To the Christians, God still speaks through the words of the Bible just as He spoke to His people when those words were first given. As such in Christianity the Bible is incorruptible, infallible as well as inerrant. The church recognized It speaks the truth and is revered by every Christian to this day.

6. The Christian God therefore had communicated with man at different times, in different ways and to different people through revelation. The Bible on the other hand is a sacred record of the relationship between God and humans.

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How Do We Bridge The Theological Divide Between Islam And Christianity?

March 17, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. My idea of a ‘bridge’ is in the context of establishing a healthy and comfortable interfaith relationship. An imaginary structure that span the chasm of belief and convictions. A sacred passage for a peaceful and mutual co-existence among Muslims and Christians. A sincere bond among friends.

2. The foundation of this interfaith ‘bridge’ is a mixture of trust and faith between each other. It is a process that share togetherness and similarities for the common good of all. A join determination to unite rather than divide.

3. This interfaith ‘bridge’ is further strengthened by various elements. Foremost is the element of understanding. Relationships cannot be build on ignorance and misunderstandings. Lack of knowledge and understanding of each other will beget fear, confusion, intolerance and conflicts. The teachings of either faith could be manipulated and distorted by wicked souls to sow discontent in the hearts of the ignorance. The prevailing spates of Islamophobia is a living proof of how dangerous and vulnerable lack of knowledge can be.

4. Muslims and Christians need to get together and know each other more closely. They need to acquire the right knowledge from each other and understand why their counterpart believed what they believe in. They need to connect different hearts and mind that can agree to disagree and willing to understand every misunderstanding without compromising their respective faith. Discussions, dialogue and discourses are ideal forum to foster understanding, familiarity and respect.

5. Theology is the study about God. Both Islam and Christianity believe in the pre-existence of a divine being who is the creator and master of everything and everyone. Exploring together the fundamental concept and nature of God as well as the relationship with God in the respective faith would be a valuable ‘bridge’ building lesson crossing the great theological divide. Much can be learned about God from each other. Much more can be resolved when they understand and reasoned together. And the best ‘bridge’ is the ‘bridge’ that reaches God by reaching for one another.

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How Did The Tragedy Of Adam Divides Islam And Christianity?

March 7, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Both the Islamic and Christian scriptures narrated the story of Adam committing the first act of disobedient against God. Yet out of the same tragedy of Adam both Islam and Christianity took the lessons from it differently and so end up in opposite theological dimensions.

2. Islam diagnosed the cause of Adam’s transgression in the light of the destiny of man as the vicegerent of Allah on Earth. Islam therefore questioned the very motive of the crime since Adam was adequately warned and forewarned.

3. It is worthy to note that in the Islamic version Adam did not immediately disobey God. Not until Adam and Eve was tempted by the evil Iblis or Satan. That is the most important clue from the case: ‘Adam only disobeyed Allah when he and Eve succumbed to temptation by Iblis or Satan.’ The real perpetrator who instigated the crime was Iblis or Satan. Temptation by the evil Iblis or Satan was the indisputable cause. This is the source of the problem that need to be addressed and neutralized.

4. Subsequently the shame that Allah brought upon them followed by His forgiveness also educate them the value of directives and responsibilities as well as manifesting the attributes of a just, compassion, merciful and forgiving Allah. Nobody else are made responsible for the act of disobedience by Adam. Almighty Allah who is the oft-forgiving and most merciful will forgive those who sincerely repented and seek His forgiveness except for the sin of denying His existence or associating Him with partners. Allah loves those who seek His favor, blessings, guidance and mercy. Allah does not need sacrifice nor an intermediary to seek forgiveness. Anyone who have faith and bear witness in Allah as the one true God and in His prophets are Muslims. All their past sins are instantly forgiven.

5. These lessons and attributes are beneficial for a vicegerent of Allah. Adam and his descendants must remain submissive to Allah and be ever vigilant against temptations by Iblis or Satan. The righteous in faith and deeds will enjoy eternal bliss while the sinful and unrepented will earn the wrath and punishment from Allah in the hereafter. The live of mankind on Earth is to thread this straight path in their return journey to Allah. Allah is the destination who shows the way through His revelations.

6. Christianity on the other hand diagnosed the effects of Adam’s transgression in the light of glorifying God through saving man. The faith of Christianity itself is founded on the consequences of sin rather than on the causes of sin. It’s like treating the symptoms rather than the roots of the malady. That accounts for the different remedies prescribed in Islam and Christianity.

7. Christianity began the moment Adam disobeyed God and was not forgiven by God. Even the descendants of Adam inherited the unforgiven disobedience of Adam. The story of Christianity is the story about the search for forgiveness for Adam and all his descendants. The search ends when a savior God named Jesus Christ redeemed all the unforgiven disobedience of all mankind. According to Christianity anyone who testified and believe in the saving works of Jesus Christ and in his resurrection will be declared righteous. They are called Christians. All their past, present and future sins are forgiven by God. They have achieved victory against sin. They are not binded by the laws before the crucifixion of Jesus. Future temptations and disobedience are mere fleeting reminders since Christ had prepaid their forgiveness on the crucifix with his life and blood. To them the cause of disobedience and sin are trivial since they have been saved and purified for the rest of their Christian life.

8. What matters in Christianity is that the symptoms have been treated although the roots of the syndrome are still diseased. That is the cause of the great divide between Christianity and Islam. But how do we bridge this theological divide?

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What Is The Islamic Version On The Tragedy Of Adam?

February 27, 2017

Nabi Adam dalam Agama Islam

1. Islam believes in the pre-existence of the one and only Almighty God called Allah.

2. Allah is the creator of all the worlds and their inhabitants.

3. Allah created the first man named Adam from a type of clay and mud molded into shape.

4. Allah created Adam as a vicegerent on Earth to acknowledge and worship only Him so that mankind will achieve success in life and in the hereafter with the guidance, blessings and favor of Allah.

5. As a vicegerent Adam was entrusted by Allah with responsibilities and accountability to manage and administer the Earth.

6. To be able to fulfill the tasks of a vicegerent Adam must be physically, spiritually and intellectually proficient.

7. Adam qualified for the appointment as a vicegerent of Allah after undergoing a test on responsibility and accountability in Paradise before being posted to Earth. There are lessons learned by Adam from his tribulation in Paradise. Adam had learned the lesson of not carrying out the responsibility on the order and directive of Allah against eating the forbidden fruit. Adam had also learned the lesson of accountability for the consequences of his misconduct. Allah removed his attire and his shame was exposed. His wrongdoing had also taught him to be vigilant of temptations by Iblis (Satan). Most of all Adam experienced and comprehend the attributes of a compassionate and merciful Oft-Forgiving Allah who forgave Adam and his wife Eve.

8. Adam was finally mobilized to Earth with his wife Eve upon qualifying the test and tribulation in Paradise. Adam being on Earth was not a punishment for his transgression because he was created in the first place by Allah for the very purpose of being the vicegerent on Earth. Earth was his very mission and destination.

9. The mission of Adam on Earth was also the mission of all humanity. His office and purpose are binding to all his descendants. Mankind are to obey the directives of Allah in the ways Allah the Almighty wants them to. The obedient will be well rewarded and the transgressors will be justly punished by Allah in the hereafter.

10. The tragedy of Adam are immortalized in the Holy Qur’an and the Holy Bible for man to take lessons from. The question is how do the lessons from the tragedy of Adam contribute to the great divide between Islam and Christianity?

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